What is a Grid Connected PV System?

A grid connected photovoltaic system is a solar power setup that generates electricity from sunlight and delivers it directly to the electrical grid or to on-site loads. Unlike standalone (off-grid) systems, grid-connected PV systems do not require battery storage, as the grid itself serves as a virtual battery.

According to a Grid Connected PV Systems Market report, the industry is expected to grow significantly in the coming years.

Key Components

926. Solar Panels (PV Modules):

     • Convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity.

     • Composed of many solar cells, typically made from silicon.

927. Inverter (String or Microinverter):

     • Converts DC electricity into alternating current (AC), which is compatible with the grid and household appliances.

     • String inverters handle several panels at once, while microinverters are attached to individual panels.

928. Metering System:

     • Net metering allows excess electricity to be fed back into the grid.

     • Measures both the electricity consumed and the electricity exported.

929. Electrical Panel (Distribution Board):

     • Manages power distribution between the solar system, the home or building, and the utility grid.

930. Utility Grid:

     • Provides electricity when the solar system doesn’t produce enough (e.g., at night or during cloudy weather).

     • Receives excess energy during peak solar production.

How the System Works (Step-by-Step)

1914. Solar Energy Collection:

      • Solar panels absorb sunlight and generate DC electricity.

1915. Conversion to AC Power:

      • The inverter converts DC to AC, making it usable for appliances and suitable for grid integration.

1916. Power Usage and Distribution:

      • Electricity flows to on-site loads first.

      • Any excess electricity is exported to the grid.

1917. Net Metering and Compensation:

      • A bi-directional meter tracks both consumed and exported electricity.

      • Users receive credits for the electricity sent to the grid, offsetting their electric bills.

Advantages of Grid-Connected PV Systems

• ⚡ Cost Savings: Reduces or eliminates electricity bills via net metering.

• 🌱 Environmentally Friendly: Reduces carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions.

• 🔋 No Need for Batteries: The grid provides backup, reducing upfront costs.

• 🔄 High Efficiency: Power is used immediately or exported with minimal energy loss.